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This sequel to the widely read Zen and
the Brain continues James Austin's explorations into
the key interrelationships between Zen Buddhism and brain
research. In Zen-Brain Reflections, Austin, a clinical
neurologist, researcher, and Zen practitioner, examines
the evolving psychological processes and brain changes associated
with the path of long-range-meditative training. Austin
draws not only on the latest neuroscience research and new
neuroimaging studies but also on Zen literature and his
personal experience with alternate states of consciousness.
Zen-Brain Reflections takes up where
the earlier book left off. It addresses such questions as
how do placebos and acupuncture change the brain? Can neuroimaging
studies localize the sites where our notions of self arise?
How can the latest brain imaging methods monitor meditators
more effectively? How do long years of meditative training
plus brief enlightened states produce pivotal transformations
in the physiology of the brain? In many chapters testable
hypotheses suggest ways to correlate normal brain functions
and meditative training with the phenomena of extraordinary
states of consciousness.
After briefly introducing the topic of Zen
and describing recent research into meditation. Austin reviews
the latest studies on the amygdala, frontotemporal interactions,
and paralimbic extensions of the limbic system. He then
explores different states of consciousness, both the early
superficial absorptions and the later, major "peak
experiences." This discussion begins with the states
called kensho and satori and includes a fresh analysis of
their several different expressions of "oneness."
He points beyond the still more advanced states toward that
rare ongoing stage of enlightenment that is manifest as
"sage wisdom."
Finally, with reference to a delayed "moonlight"
phase of kensho, Austin envisions novel links between migraines
and metaphors, moonlight and mysticism. The Zen perspective
on the self and consciousness is an ancient one. Readers
will discover how relevant Zen is to the neurosciences,
and how each field can illuminate the other.
James H. Austin is Clinical Professor
of Neurology, University of Missouri Health Science Center,
and Emeritus Professor of Neurology, University of Colorado
Health Science Center.
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